Myocyte enhancer factor 2 （MEF2） is widely distributed in the nervous system. MEF2 protein and its related signal pathways play an important role in human physiological and pathological processes. As a key neurodevelopmental factor involved in neuronal differentiation， synaptic connection and transmission， and neuronal survival， up regulating MEF2 activity can play a neuroprotective role and prevent neuronal apoptosis to a certain extent. In recent years， MEF2 has become a risk gene for a variety of neurological diseases， especially for neurodegenerative diseases. This paper reviews the structure， biological function of MEF2 and its relationship with neurological diseases， in order to find new targets for the treatment of related diseases.