Objective To explore the mediating effect of personality， social support and life events between childhood abuse and college students' anxiety and depression. Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 420 college students from 3 universities in Xuzhou by class. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（SAS）， Beck Depression Inventory（BDI）， Personal Report of Childhood Abuse（PRCA）， Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）， Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check list（ASLEC） and NEO Five Factor Inventory Revised （NEO-FFI-R） were applied to evaluate the research subjects. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the relationship personality， social support， life events and anxiety and depression in college students with childhood abuse history. A structural equation model of the formation mechanism of anxiety and depression in college students with childhood abuse history was constructed. A total of 2 420 questionnaires were distributed， and 2 374 valid questionnaires were recovered， with an effective recovery rate of 98.1%. Results Of the 2 374 college students， 929 （39.1%） had experienced abuse in their childhood. BDI and SAS scores of abused college students in childhood were positively correlated with total PRCA scores， total ASLEC scores， and neuroticism scores （r=0.366 to 0.632， P ＜ 0.001）， and negatively correlated with total SSRS scores， extraversion scores， openness scores， friendliness scores， and prudence scores （r=-0.440 to -0.128， P＜ 0.001）. The scores of NEO-FFI-R subscales， total SSRS scores， total ASLEC scores， and total PRCA scores were correlated with each other （r=-0.515 to -0.065， 0.220 to 0.456； P＜ 0.05）. Regression analysis showed that childhood abuse had a direct impact on college students' personality， life events， social support， anxiety and depression （P ＜ 0.05）. Personality had a direct impact on life events， social support， anxiety and depression （P＜ 0.01）. Social support had a direct impact on life events （P＜ 0.01）， and no direct effect on anxiety and depression. Life events had a direct impact on anxiety and depression （P＜ 0.05）. The model fit indexes were χ2 /df=3.361， Parsimony Goodness Fit Index （PGFI）=0.648， Parsimony Comparative Fit Index （PCFI）=0.712， Parsimony Normed Fit Index （PNFI）=0.696； Root Mean Square Error of Approximation （RMSEA）=0.049， Goodness Fit Index （GFI）=0.952， Adjusted Goodness Fit Index （AGFI）= 0.930， Normed Fit Index （NFI）=0.925， Relative Fit Index （RFI）=0.900， Incremental Fit Index （IFI）=0.946， Tucker-Lewis Index （TLI）=0.928， Comparative Fit Index （CFI）=0.946. The structural equation model fitted well. Conclusions College students abused in childhood are prone to anxiety and depression. Personality traits， social support and life events play a mediating role between childhood abuse and college students' anxiety and depression.