Autism spectrum disorders（ ASD） are a group of severe neurodevelopmental disorders that result from a combination of genetic and complex environmental factors， with unclear pathological mechanisms. The hypothesis of "excitatory and inhibitory neuronal dysfunction" has attracted a lot of attention from scholars， and it has been suggested that a critical period of neurodevelopment may be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD， or at least one subtype， and may be an important pathological basis of ASD. This paper reviews the animal tests， clinical studies and biochemicals， aiming to provide new targets for future ASD research.