Childhood trauma may have an impact on the microstructure of an individual's brain. Diffusion tensor imaging（ DTI） is one of the powerful means to study the changes in white matter microstructure. This article summarizes current DTI-related studies on white matter abnormalities in patients with childhood trauma experiences， focusing on the main structures and functions of white matter， as well as different types of childhood trauma. It provides a theoretical foundation and research basis for further exploration of the relationship between white matter microstructure changes and the neuropathological mechanisms of mental illness in childhood trauma patients.