Objectives To initially investigate the influencing factors of aggression in home-based patients with schizophrenia. Methods From July 2017 to November 2018， a total of 253 patients with schizophrenia who had aggressive behavior in the Nan'an District of Chongqing were included in the study， and 2 424 patients with stable schizophrenia without aggressive behavior were selected as the control group. The survey was conducted using the Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire（ ITAQ） and the Modified Overt Aggression Scale（ MOAS）. Results （1） There were significant differences in age， education level， onset age， the prolonged period of treatment， number of hospitalizations， self-knowledge， and medication status between the two groups.（ 2） Multiple linear regression showed that young patients， early onset， and low level of education were the influencing factors of aggressive behavior. Conclusions The occurrence of aggression in patients with schizophrenia is related to a variety of factors. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of young， early onset and low-education schizophrenia patients.