Objective To explore the relationship between empathy and psychological resilience of adolescent parents and the role of mentality in it. Methods In June 2020， a total of 600 parents of a middle school in Beijing were investigated by using empathy scale， psychological resilience scale and reflection function scale. 588 valid questionnaires were collected. The mediating effect was analyzed by using model 4 in SPSS 20.0 Process v3.4 plug-in. Results The differences in total empathy ［male （91.04±10.58），female （94.53±9.95）］， total psychological resilience ［male （91.61±15.43）， female （87.87±13.45）］ and over-mentalization of parents of adolescents of different genders ［male 1.00 （0.33， 1.67）， female 0.67（0.33， 1.33）］ were statistically significant （t=-3.502， P ＜ 0.01； t=2.523， P ＜ 0.05； Z=1.962， P=0.05）. There are statistically significant differences in mentalization deficits ［urban 0.33 （0， 0.50） vs rural areas 0.33 （0.17， 0.67）］ and over-mentalization ［urban 0.83 （0.33， 1.50） vs rural areas 0.67 （0.17， 1.17）］ among parents living in urban and rural areas （Z=-2.735， P ＜ 0.05； Z=3.156， P ＜ 0.05）. The higher the level of education， the higher the total psychological resilience ［High school and below （83.58±14.99） vs College/undergraduate （88.99±14.23） vs Master and above （92.34±10.84）］ and excessive mentalization score ［High school and below 0.50 （0.08， 1.25） vs College/undergraduate 0.67 （0.08， 1.20） vs Master and above 1.00 （0.50， 1.67）］， and the lower the mentalization deficit score ［High school and below 0.18（0.17， 0.83） vs College/undergraduate 0.33 （0.17， 0.83） vs Master and above 0.17 （0.00， 0.50）］ （F=11.592， P ＜ 0.01； Z=21.355， P ＜ 0.01； Z=7.645， P ＜ 0.05）. In terms of mental resilience， strength， optimism and empathy are positively correlated （β=0.30， P＜ 0.01； β=0.16， P＜ 0.05）， and personal pain is negatively correlated with strength （β=-0.24， P＜ 0.01）. In terms of mentalization， there is a positive correlation between mentalization deficits and total empathy scores （β=-0.28， P ＜ 0.01）. In addition， over-mentalization is positively related to transpositional consideration and empathy （β=0.25， P ＜ 0.01； β=0.15， P ＜ 0.01）. The total score of mental resilience is negatively correlated with mentalization deficits （β=-0.14， P=0.001）， and positively correlated with excessive mentalization （β=0.32， P ＜ 0.001）. In addition， the total psychological resilience score is positively correlated with transpositional consideration and empathy （β=0.37， P ＜ 0.001； β=0.14， P=0.001）， and negatively correlated with personal pain （β=-0.41， P ＜ 0.001）. The level of mentalization plays a part of the mediating role between the mental flexibility and empathy of adolescents' parents. Conclusions The mentality level of adolescents' parents as an intermediary variable plays a certain role in regulating psychological resilience and empathy.