Objective To analyze the change of gait parameters and gait patterns of motor cognitive risk syndrome （MCRS） in patients with cerebral small vessel disease （CSVD）. Methods A total of 42 CSVD patients with white matter lesions （WML） were selected from the Department of Neurology of the 7th Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from 1st September 2020 to 1st June 2021. All the patients were divided into MCRS positive group （n=24） and MCRS negative group （n=18）. The Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and Fazekas scores of the two groups were compared. The velocity （cm/s）， cadence （steps/min）， stride length （cm） and stride time （s） of single task walking （STW） and dual task walking （DTW） were compared. The dual task cost （DTC） and walk ratio （WR） were calculated. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of MCRS in patients with CSVD. Results The MMSE score ［28 （27， 30） vs 26 （26， 27）］， WR of DTW ［9.046 （8.775， 9.582） （cm·min）/step vs 8.230 （7.232， 8.878） （cm·min）/step］， velocity of DTW ［（93.611±19.560） cm/s vs （82.167±16.531） cm/s］of the MCRS negative group were all higher than those of the MCRS positive group， and the differences were statistically significant （P ＜ 0.05）. Binary Logistic regression indicated that the WR of DTW （OR=0.422， 95%CI： 0.182-0.978， P=0.044） and MMSE score （OR=0.276， 95%CI： 0.099-0.764， P=0.013） were both independent risk factors of MCRS of CSVD patients. After general data adjusting， WR of DTW （OR=0.286， 95%CI： 0.089-0.920， P=0.036） and MMSE score （OR=0.193， 95%CI： 0.045- 0.816， P=0.022） were still independent risk factors of MCRS of CSVD patients. The velocity ［（91.595± 19.251） cm/s vs （87.071±18.569） cm/s］， and stride length ［（98.214±14.447） cm vs （93.524±12.968） cm］of STW were significantly higher than those of DTW in the 42 patients （P＜0.01）， and the effect value was medium （Cohen's d=0.239， 0.342）. Conclusions CSVD patients are more prone to gait disorders during DTW， mainly manifested in the reduction of velocity and step length and the change of gait pattern. WR is an independent risk factor for MCRS. With the increase of WR of DTW， the risk of MCRS increases.