As the main active component of cannabis， cannabinoids are a unique group of terpenoid secondary metabolites with complex activities in cannabis. Since the discovery that cannabinoids can treat certain mental disorders， revealing the medicinal mechanism of cannabinoids in the treatment of mental disorders has gradually become a hot scientific issue in related fields. However， as of now， there is still insufficient evidence to support the medicinal efficacy and safety of any one cannabinoid component. At present， basic and clinical researches on cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders are emerging in an endless stream， and the academic community's understanding of the medicinal mechanism and clinical application potential of cannabinoids is deepening. This article aims to review the basic and clinical research on cannabinoids（ mainly around the two main cannabinoid components of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol） in the treatment of mental disorders at home and abroad， and summarize the research progress of cannabinoids in the treatment of mental disorders， with a view to guiding the next step of research direction and clinical practice in related fields.