Ischemic stroke is the common type of stroke and one of the major diseases threatening human health. Neuroinflammatory response is considered to be an important pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke. Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system and play an important role in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory response is closely related to the development and prognosis of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the correlation between microglia and ischemic stroke.