Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common chronic mental disorder in clinical practice. Its symptoms and the cognitive characteristics behind them are of complexity. The main psychological treatment method are traditional cognitive behavioral therapy， "third-generation" cognitive behavioral therapy and some psychological treatment technology with other characteristics. These treatment techniques have their own priorities. Therefore， this article expounds the defects of neurocognition， self-knowledge， cognitive and metacognitive beliefs， social cognition， and psychological treatment techniques in patients with obsessivecompulsive disorder. It is aiming to understand the pathological cognitive characteristics of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and provide more targeted treatment plans for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder on this basis.