In recent years， the incidence of depression has been continuously increasing in China. The prevention and treatment of depression has been elevated to the national strategic level. Establishing a multicenter and standardized large-scale prospective cohort study for depression can provide a comprehensively understanding of the pathogenesis and the disease outcomes under different intervention modes， and develop objective indicators system that can guide clinical practice. Therefore， the scientific and technological innovation 2030- prospective clinical cohort study of depression has launched， which is of great significance to the precision medicine research of depression in China. The authors combed the risks and research key points in the research and summarized the quality control measures of the cohort study from the aspects of team construction and personnel responsibilities， research objects， clinical data， multi-dimensional data， biological samples， follow-up， data management， and comprehensive quality control measures.