Poststroke cognitive impairment （PSCI） and sleep disorders cognitive impairment are common complications of stroke and sleep disorders， both of which are closely associated with cognitive related brain network reconstruction. PSCI and sleep disorder cognitive impairment event-related potentials （ERP） are mainly characterized by prolonged latency and reduced amplitude of P300 components， indicating impaired attention，memory， and executive control functions. This article elaborates on the relationship among PSCI， sleep disorders cognitive impairment， and brain network reconstruction， as well as the characteristics of ERP， and explores the mechanisms and characteristics of PSCI and sleep disorders cognitive impairment at the level of brain network and nervous electrophysiology， aiming to intervene in PSCI and sleep disorders cognitive impairment and improve clinical outcomes. At present， there are few systematic reports on the relationship between cognitive impairment in stroke related sleep disorders （SSD） and brain network reconstruction， as well as the change characteristics of ERP. The simultaneous application of neuroimaging and nervous electrophysiology to explore the mechanisms and characteristics of SSD cognitive impairment in both temporal and spatial dimensions may be one of the future research hotspots.