The pathogenesis involves neuroinflammation， synaptic plasticity and nerve regeneration. However， the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases are difficult， and the prognosis is poor. As a result， it is particularly important to find new biomarkers and therapeutic methods. Exosomes， as nanoscale membranous vesicles secreted by cells themselves， not only play an important role in the pathophysiological processes of various diseases， but also participate in the occurrence and development of mental disorders. This paper summarizes the research progress on the role of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of common mental disorders， providing specific theoretical references for the precise application of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in the futures.