Anorexia nervosa has the characteristics of high mortality and disability rates， and its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors widely present in the central nervous system play an important role in neural development and appetite regulation， and are associated with the onset of anorexia nervosa. This article reviews the relationship between anorexia nervosa and brain-derived neurotrophic factors， aiming to provide reference for the etiology and future treatment of anorexia nervosa.