The clinical treatment of depressive disorder has long faced core challenges， such as limited drug efficacy and cognitive side effects associated with electroconvulsive therapy. This situation has driven the rapid development of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques（ NIBS） techniques characterized by precision， safety， and individualization. Magnetic resonance imaging（ MRI）， as a key technological carrier that bridges the brain function mapping and anatomical localization， provides a reliable technical pathway for guiding precisetargeted interventions. Among these， the three representative technologies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（ rTMS）， transcranial focused ultrasound（ tFUS）， and transcranial temporal interference stimulation （tTIS） are driving the transformation of depressive disorder treatment from conventional experiential localization to individualized and precise-targeted neuromodulation paradigm. This paper systematically reviews the current state and progress of MRI-guided modulation techniques for the treatment of depressive disorder， while also highlighting key challenges in this field. Looking ahead， the development of closed-loop control systems， deep integration of multimodal data with artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making， and the advancement of standardized processes and multicenter validation will become the core directions for development in this field. As technology continues to evolve， personalized modulation strategies based on multimodal imaging and artificial intelligence are expected to revolutionize the treatment paradigm for depressive disorder， ultimately propelling psychiatry from empirical medicine toward precision medicine.