Abstract:Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound（ LIPUS） is a new promising physical therapy. LIPUS is expected to be used in noninvasive neuromodulation of brain and even in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The introduction and further research of LIPUS will help to accelerate the clinical application of it.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor NgR1 in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of tibial bone cancer pain. Methods A total of 60 female non-copulatory Sprague- Dawley（ SD） rats weighting 160-200 g were randomly divided into two groups（ n=30）：sham operation group（ Group S） and bone cancer pain group（ Group BCP）. Group BCP received injection of 5 μl Walker-256 breast cancer cells in pulp cavity of left side of tibia， and Group S received injection of 5 μl normal saline. The Mechanical Withdrawal Threshold（ MWT） of rats in each group were measured using von Frey filaments to assess pain behavioral changes on 1d before operation and 3， 7， 14 and 21 d after operation. The rats were then sacrificed and L 4～5 segments of the spinal cord were removed for determination for Nogo-A and its receptor NgR1 expression in spinal dorsal horn by Western Blot after pain threshold measurement on 7， 14 and 21 d after operation. Results Compared with Group S， the MWT was significantly decreased at 7 d MWT［ （3.63±1.61）g］， 14 d MWT ［（2.53±1.39）g］ and 21 d MWT［ （2.40±1.16）g］ in Group BCP（ P ＜ 0.05）. Compared with Group S， the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor NgR1 was significantly increased at 7， 14 and 21 d in Group BCP（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions Nogo-A and its receptor NgR1 in the spinal dorsal horn may involve in the development of tibial bone cancer pain.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma inflammatory markers and aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients. Methods A total of 50 schizophrenia patients and 40 ageand gender-matched healthy individuals were recruited in the study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） and Modified Overt Aggression Scale（ MOAS） were applied to assess patients' schizophrenia symptoms and aggressive behaviors. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ ELISA）. Levels of plasma inflammatory markers were compared between schizophrenics and healthy controls. Furthermore， the correlation between inflammatory cytokines and aggressive behavior was calculated by Spearman's correlation analysis. Results Levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio were significantly higher in subjects with schizophrenia compared with healthy control subjects（ P＜0.01）， while the concentration of IL-10 were lower in schizophrenia patients（ P＜ 0.01）. Schizophrenia patients with aggressive behavior had significant higher IL-6 and IL-6/IL-10 ratio than patients without aggressive behavior（ P ＜ 0.05）. IL-6 levels were positively correlated with total score and aggression against others score of MOAS（ r=0.363，P=0.010； r=0.309，P=0.029）. Plasma levels of IL-10 were inversely correlated with aggression against objects score of MOAS（ r=-0.281，P=0.048）. IL-6/IL-10 ratio was positively related to total score， aggression against objects score and aggression against others score of MOAS（ r=0.523，P＜0.01；r=0.421，P=0.002；r=0.303，P=0.033）. Conclusions Schizophrenia and aggression were associated with immune inflammatory response imbalances. IL-6， IL-10 and their ratio could be potential biomarkers for schizophrenia and aggressive behavior.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the effects of case management on social function and employment rate of patients with severe mental disorders in community. Methods A total of 45 patients with severe mental disorders met the criteria in Nanlang town where community case management were provided were recruited in the case management group. According to the matching principle of economy and population， another 45 patients with severe mental disorders in Minzhong town were selected into basic management group. Patients of the case management group received community case management， and the patients of the basic management group received basic management services provided by the government. The patients of two groups had been followed up for two years. The Clinical General Impression scale（ CGI） and the Individual and Social Performance scale（ PSP） were used to assess patients at the time of admission， the second year and the third year， and the annual number of employed persons was also counted. Results The repeated-measurement analysis of variance showed statistical significance in the differences of the CGI-SI intergroup main effect and time main effect（ F=7.65，10.99； P ＜ 0.01）. The differences among group main effect， time main effect and interaction effect were statistically significant in the scores of PSP（ F=16.82，10.00，13.74；P＜ 0.01）. There was no statistical difference in the scores of CGI-SI， PSP and the employment rate between two groups on admission， and in PSP on the second year（ F=8.85，P=0.004）. There were significant difference in the scores of CGI-SI，CGI-GI，PSP and the employment rate between two groups in the third year（ F=21.53，26.69，31.91，6.61，P ＜ 0.01；χ2=6.61， P＜ 0.01）. Conclusions Case management can improve the conditions of patients with severe mental disorders in community， enhance social function and improve the employment rate.

Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristic of internal function connectivity in salience network and its relationship with clinical symptoms in untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder（ OCD） patients at resting-state. Methods A total of 20 untreated OCD patients and 20 age-， sex- and education-matched healthy subjects participated in the resting state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Based on the Data Processing & Analysis for（ Resting-State） Brain Imaging（ DPABI） software， functional connectivity based on seed was used to explore the pattern of salience network at resting-state in OCD. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the salience network and clinical symptoms in OCD. Results Compared with the healthy controls， the OCD patients showed decreased internal function connectivity in salience network in left orbitofrontal cortex［ （0.08±0.09） vs（ 0.27±0.07）；t=-7.80，P＜0.001， Gaussian random field corrected， two-tailed］. Conclusions There is an abnormal function connection of salience network internal in OCD at resting-state.

Abstract:Objective To study the cognitive function and nervous system soft sign of first-degree relatives of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder（ OCD）. Methods From June 2015 to June 2017， a total of 70 OCD patients in Jingzhou Mental Health Center were selected and divided into high incidence family group and sporadic family group. This research adopted Hamilton Anxiety Scale（ HAMA） for anxiety symptoms in first-degree relatives， Yale Brown Compulsion Scale（ Y-BOCS） for obsessive disorder， Wisconsin Card Sorting test（ WCST）， Trupp Color Words Test（ Stroop）， Continuous Operation Test（ CPT） for the cognitive function， and the soft sign subscale of Cambridge Neurology Examination（ CNI） for soft sign of nervous system. Results The total scores of Y-BOCS and HAMA in high incidence families were significantly higher than those in sporadic families（ t=4.85，2.61； P＜0.05）. The scores of Stroop test， WCST scale， CPT scale， and memory scale were all lower than those of the sporadic families， and the differences were statistically significant（ P＜ 0.05）. The total score of NSS and its motor coordination subscale and sporadic pedigree were all higher in the high incidence family group than the sporadic family group（ t=2.15，3.03，3.14；P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The first-degree relatives in high incidence families had more anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms than those in sporadic families. They were also more likely to develop nervous system soft sign and cognitive impairment of attention and memory.

Abstract:Obsessive-compulsive disorder（ OCD） is a difficult-to-treat mental disorder with uncontrollable compulsion and obsessive-compulsive behavior as the main clinical manifestations. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. A large number of genetic studies have shown that OCD is hereditary. In recent years， research on candidate genes for OCD has gradually become a hot topic， mainly including genes related to the serotonin， dopamine and glutamate transmitter systems. Serotonin includes 5-HT transporter protein gene and 5-HT receptor gene; catecholamine gene includes catecholamine oxygen methyltransferase gene， monoamine oxidase gene and dopamine receptor gene; glutamic acid gene includes glutamate transporter gene， glutamate receptor gene and SAPAP3 protein gene. The above mentioned genes and their literature associated with OCD are collated and reviewed to provide important references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:Objective Two surgical methods， soft channel surgery and small bone window， were used to treat cerebral hemorrhage， exploring the incidence of early onset epileptic seizure and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 83 cases of cerebral hemorrhage patients were randomly divided into two groups， with 41 cases in soft channel surgery group and 42 cases in small bone window surgery group. The incidence of early onset epileptic seizures was observed。 Statistical methods were used to analyze the relationship between early onset epileptic seizures and various influential factors in both groups. Results Among the 83 cases， 7 cases of early onset epileptics were reported， accounting for 8.43%， of which there were two cases of soft channel surgery（ 4.88%）， and 5 cases of small bone window surgery group（ 11.90%）. The types of attacks in the two groups were in various forms. Single factor analysis showed that the hemorrhage of the cortex， the recurrence of cerebral hemorrhage， electrolyte disturbance， and pulmonary infection were prone to premature epileptic seizures. Logistic regression analysis showed that bleeding site， bleeding times， electrolyte disturbance and pulmonary infection were all related to the occurrence of early epileptic seizures， in which cortical hemorrhage was an independent risk factor. Conclusions The incidence of early onset epileptic seizures after treatment of cerebral hemorrhage in the soft channel orienting borehole hematoma is lower than that in small bone windows. Hemorrhage of the cortex， reoccurrence of cerebral hemorrhage， electrolyte disorder， and pulmonary infection are important factors that affect early onset epileptic seizures. Cortical hemorrhage is an independent risk factor. Seizures can occur in many forms.

Abstract:Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of butylphthalide injection for post-stroke cognitive impairment. Methods The randomized controlled trials（ RCT） on butylphthalide injection therapy in cerebral infarction patients were collected by computer and manual retrieval. The data analysis was handled by the software Review Manager 5.0. Results Totally 13 studies involving 1 358 participants were contained in the Meta-analysis. The scores of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale（ NIHSS） were used to analyze the general efficacy of butylphthalide injection on stroke patients. The scores of Mini-mental State Examination（ MMSE）， Montreal Cognitive Assessment（ MoCA） scale and the level of superoxide dismutase（ SOD） were used to evaluate the improvement of cognition function after butylphthalide injection therapy. All the indicators mentioned above were compared at two time points， 14 days and 3 months after the beginning of the therapy， so as to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of butylphtalide injection on cognition improvement. All the above results showed that the butylphthalide injection group was better than the control group. Conclusions The results of this systematic review showed that butylphthalide injection is more effective than conventional therapy in the treatment of cognitive dysfunction after cerebral infarction.

Abstract:Objective Vascular endothelial progenitor cells（ EPCs） induced in vitro were transferred into vascular endothelial growth factor（ VEGF） gene and transplanted into the hippocampus of Alzheimer disease （AD） model rats. To observe the reconstruction of blood vessels and the improvement of endothelial cell function in this area and adjacent areas， so as to provide basis for the treatment of AD. Methods This experiment used EPCs obtained from the bone marrow of mouse and kept in in vitro cultures. By constructing pcDNA3.1 plasmids carrying human VEGF165 gene and transfecting the EPCs， how the gene affects EPCs and its expression were observed. Using the APP/PS1 double transgenic model rats， human VEGF165 gene transfected EPCs was implanted into model rat's brain， to observe rat's behavioral differences， Aβ protein amounts， and blood vessel formation. Results After implanting EPCs transfected with VEGF gene into the hippocampus of mice， the animals were tested on 4， 5 and 6 d. The average latency was significantly shorter than that in the control group （P ＜ 0.05）. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with the control group and the EPCs group， the content of Aβ in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of EPCs+VEGF group decreased significantly， and the number of CD34 positive cells in hippocampus were higher（ P＜ 0.01）. Conclusions By implanting EPCs+VEGF into brains of mice， the memory ability of mice can be found to be enhanced， which may be related to the promotion of angiogenesis and the clearance of Aβ protein.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of evidence-based nursing model on patients with posttraumatic stress disorder（ PTSD） after stroke. Methods A total of 261 patients with stroke were randomly divided into control group（ 130 cases） and observation group（ 131 cases）. The patients in the control group were given routine nursing care， and the patients in the observation group were provided evidence-based nursing except routine nursing. The effects of nursing were compared between the two groups. Results After stroke， 44 cases in the control group and 42 cases in the observation group developed PTSD within 6 monthes. Compared with the control group， the improvement rate of depression and anxiety was significantly higher（ P＜0.05）； the improvement rate of sleep quality in the observation group was significantly higher（ P＜0.01）； the medication adherence in the observation group was better（ P ＜ 0.05）； and the recurrence rate of stroke within one year in the observation group was significantly lower（ P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions Evidence-based nursing model can effectively improve depression， anxiety， the sleep disorder， the medication adherence and reduce the recurrence rate of stroke in post-stroke PTSD patients.

Abstract:Cannabis is the most widely used addictive substance in the world. The dysfunction caused by cannabis has also been increasing day by day in the past decades. The related hazards caused by cannabis have been widely reported. The legalization， medicinal value and the measures to minimized the harm of cannabis are reviewed in this paper， so as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the related policies for the follow-up of cannabis.

Abstract:Mindfulness originates from Eastern meditation. Currently， studies have proved that mindfulness therapy has a good effect on preventing the recurrence of depression， nevertheless， the mechanism of it remains unclear. This article reviews the effects and possible mechanism of mindfulness therapy on the prevention of recurrence of depression.

Abstract:With the increase of the incidence of ischemic stroke and the increase of the survival rate， post stroke fatigue（ PSF） has become a common post stroke symptom. Studies have shown that at least half of stroke patients have PSF. This paper is to review the latest research progress of PSF， in order to understand its concept， incidence and related factors of PSF， and discuss its complex pathogenesis at the same time.

Abstract:At present， the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases is constantly increasing. Although cerebrovascular diseases have made great breakthroughs in the treatment， their mortality and disability rates are still very high. Studies have shown that serum β2-microglobulin and cerebrovascular disease have a significant correlation. This paper is to review the research progress on the relationship between serum β2-microglobulin and cerebrovascular disease with literature.

Abstract:Traumatic brain injury is known to cause a variety of mental disorders， which are closely related to various mental disorders. However， the relationship between traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia remains unclear. This paper reviews the research progress on the risk， influencing factors and mechanisms of schizophrenia after traumatic brain injury， so as to further clarify the relationship between traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia， which is of great significance for prevention， treatment and prognosis of schizophrenia after traumatic brain injury.

Abstract:Obsessive-compulsive disorder（ OCD） is a common disease in psychiatry， the clinical manifestations of which could be divided into multiple dimensions. Neuroimaging technology has become increasingly widely used in mental disease. This paper reviews the researches on the correlation between symptom dimensions and white matter alterations in OCD patients using diffusion tensor imaging（ DTI） and Voxel-based morphometry（ VBM） techniques in recent years， so as to provide a neuroimaging basis for the multidimensional heterogeneity model of obsessive compulsive disorder.