Abstract:Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of cytochrome P450 （CYP） 1A2 gene and the efficacy of olanzapine in the treatment of senile dementia patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia（ BPSD）. Methods A total of 57 Alzheimer disease patients with severe BPSD were enrolled in the study and given olanzapine for eight weeks. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory（ NPI） questionnaire was applied to evaluate the curative effect， Mini-mental State Examination （ MMSE） for cognition change， and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale（ TESS） for adverse drug reactions before and after treatment. At the same time， body weight， abdominal circumference， blood pressure， blood glucose， HbA1c， blood lipids， cholinesterase， serum cystatin， serum pituitary prolactin and other metabolites related indicators and olanzapine plasma concentration were measured. CYP1A2 gene polymorphism（ AA， AC and CC type） was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization（ FISH）. Results A total of 50 patients completed the study. The NPI total scores of patients and caregivers in three genotype groups decreased significantly after the treatment. However， there was no significant difference among the three genotypes in NPI total score. There was no significant difference in TESS score， cognitive function， metabolic-related side effects and plasma concentration among the three genotypes. Conclusions There was no significant association between CYP1A2 gene polymorphism and the efficacy of olanzapine treatment of senile dementia patients with BPSD.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） on the first episode and not taking drugs depressive patients， and to analyze the effects of family function in the treatment. Methods From October 2015 to October 2017， a total of 100 cases of first-episode depression patients who had never received medication treatment in the outpatient department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People's Hospital were recruited in the research. All the patients were simply treated with rTMS for 4 weeks， 5 times per week， 20 times in total. We used Hamilton Depression Scale（ HAMD） and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale，Second Edition（ FACESII-CV） to investigate the degree of depression and family function before treatment， and after four weeks of treatment， we used the HAMD scale to evaluate the therapeutic effect again， and analyzed the influence of family function on the treatment effects. Finally， 89 cases completed the study. Results The scores of HAMD before and after treatment were（ 27.08±5.32）and（ 14.52±4.76）， and the difference was statistically significant（ t=16.593， P ＜0.01）. In accordance with the FACESII-CV standard for evaluation， there were 34 intermediate， 31 extreme and 24 balance family in this study. There was a significant difference seen in HAMD scores in the three type families before and after treatment（ P＜0.01）. The score of HAMD in extreme family was higher than intermediate and balance family and the variation of HAMD after treatment in extreme family was lower than intermediate and balance family. There was no significant difference between intermediate and balance family. The score of HAMD before treatment was negatively correlated with family adaptability and cohesion（ r=-0.230， -0.220； P＜0.05）， and the variation of HAMD after treatment was positively correlated with family cohesion（ r=0.230， P＜0.05）. The multiple linear regression showed that family cohesion and the score of HAMD before treatment has speculated significance to the variation of HAMD. Conclusions Simple rTMS therapy can improve the degree of depression in patients with first episode and not taking drugs， but may be limited to patients with mild and moderate depression. Whereas for patients with severe depression， simple rTMS may not be ideal. The family function of depression patients affects the severity of depression attack. The depression degree of extreme family patients is more serious， and low family cohesion affected the therapeutic effects.

Abstract:Objective To explore the current status of the literature on the clinical drug treatment research on bipolar disorder in China and the familiarity of CONSORT statement and Jadad scale issued by psychiatrists in Chinese psychiatrists. Methods Randomized controlled trials（ RCT） on bipolar disorder clinical drug research in China were searched by Computer on CNKI， Wanfang database， Medline， Web of Science， PsycINFO， Embase and other Chinese and English databases. All the papers were divided into Group A（ before 2007）， B（ 2007-2015） and C（ 2015-2017） according to the publication and update time of the Chinese Bipolar Disorder Prevention Guidance. The methodology quality of the literatures was assessed using CONSORT statement and Jadad scale. Results A total of 154 RCT papers were searched， and the RCT researches included 149 Chinese（ 96.8%）， 5 English（ 3.2%）. The evaluation result of CONSORT statements indicated that the reporting rate of subject sources， interventions， outcome indicators， statistical methods， number of subjects included， the adverse reactions and the universal significance of the search results were all higher than 90%. However， the reporting rate of sample size， the creation of random sequence and the hiding of distribution scheme， blindness， loss and compliance of subjects are all below 50%. The result of Jadad scale showed that the number of high quality literature in China was 5， accounting for 3.4%. The number of high quality literature published abroad was 3， accounting for 60%. Conclusions There is still much room for improvement in the quality of methodological quality in the literature published in the current clinical treatment research literature of bipolar disorder in China， which is evaluated by CONSORT statement and Jadad scale. The psychiatric clinical researchers know little about the CONSORT statement and the Jadad scale， and need further special training.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of AVTAR therapy for auditory hallucinations in people with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 80 patients with auditory hallucination were randomly assigned to two groups， with 40 cases in each group by random control trail methods. The patients of the study group were given medication therapy combined with AVTAR therapy for 6 weeks， while the patients in the control group were given medication therapy with placebo. Patients' conditions were measured with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale（ PANSS） and Psychotic Rating Scales Auditory Hallucinations（ PSYRATS-AH） before and after intervention. Results After intervention， there were no significant changes in the total score of PANSS， auditory hallucination PANSS score， the frequency of PSYRATS-AH and the total score of the pain caused by sound in the study group， comparing with the basic line（ P ＞ 0.05）. The total score of PANSS， auditory hallucination PANSS score， the frequency of PSYRATS-AH and the total score of the pain caused by sound in the study group decreased significantly than before intervention（ P ＜ 0.05） and lower than the control group. However， the change of PANSS total score was not obvious（ P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusions AVTAR therapy is effective in improving auditory hallucination in schizophrenia patients.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the effects of person-centered care on mental symptoms， selfesteem and general well-being in schizophrenia patients. Methods A total of 68 patients with schizophrenia in a community of Shanghai who met the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into intervention group and control group， with 34 cases in each. The community-based general rehabilitation was used in the control group. The intervention group adopted the comprehensive rehabilitation service mode which is guided by the concept of person-centered care. The severity of mental symptoms was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale（ PANSS）， self-esteem by Self-esteem Inventory（ SEI）， overall well-being by General Well- Being Schedule（ GWBS）. Results After 12 months of intervention， the differences in PANSS score， SES score and GWBS score between the two groups were statistically significant（ t=-11.246， 3.194， 4.618； P＜0.01）. In the intervention group， there were statistical significances in the differences in PANSS score and GWBS score between before and after intervention（ F=45.011， 6.006； P ＜ 0.01）. However， there was no significant difference in SEI scores before and after intervention（ F=1.535，P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusions Rehabilitation services based on the concept of complex in community schizophrenics can help alleviate the mental symptoms of schizophrenia patients， improve their low self-esteem， and enhance overall well-being.

Abstract:Objective To explore the risk factors of ischemic stroke recurrence and the recurrence of different TOAST subtypes， and to provide the basis for the prevention of ischemic stroke recurrence. Methods The first episode ischemic stroke cases were collected continually from the Neurology Department of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University between October 1st， 2014 and February 1st， 2015. Selfdesigned questionnaires were used in research， including general demographic data， medical history， test results and other information. The patients were communicated by phone for 1 year， from the onset， to the recurrence of stroke， lost to follow-up， or death. Follow-up contents includes recurrence， drug taking and other medical situations. Results This study collected 501 cases in total， including 28 cases with incomplete data and 23 lost to follow up cases. Eventually， 450 available cases were used in research including 306 male and 144 female， aged from 16 to 81. The average age is 59.5 years old. There were 76 cases in recurrence group， and 374 cases in non recurrence group. In TOAST types， 327（ 72.7%） cases were large artery atherosclerosis， 92（ 20.4%） cases were small artery occlusion， 18（ 4.0%） cases were cardioembolism， 5（ 1.1%） cases were stroke of other determined cause， 7（ 1.5%） were stroke of undetermined cause. The recurrence rates of 3 m onthes， 6 monthes， 1 year were 4.9%， 8.4% and 16.9% respectively. Results of the Logistic regression with single factor and multi factors showed that hyperhomocysteinemia（ OR=2.376， 95%CI=1.349-4.183）， transient ischemic attack（ OR=2.791，95% CI=1.538-5.066）， bad compliance of antiplatelet drugs（ OR=1.941，95%CI=1.116- 3.374）， cardioembolism（ OR=1.941，95%CI=1.116-3.374） were the risk factors of ischemic stroke recurrence. Conclusions Ischemic stroke has a certain recurrence rate. Hyperhomocysteinemia， transient ischemic attack，bad compliance of antiplatelet drugs are the independent risk factors of ischemic stroke recurrence.TOAST types can be used as predictor for recurrence of ischemic stroke， and cardioembolism is the independent risk factors of ischemic stroke recurrence.

Abstract:Objective To observe and evaluate the protective effects of rapamycin on neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Methods A total of 52 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group（ rapamycin intervention group）， with 24 rats in each group， and the other 4 rats were assigned into sham-operated group. The model of focal ischemia-reperfusion was prepared by Longa's method. Each index was observed at the 4th， 6th， 12th， 24th， 72nd hour and the 7th day after reperfusion for 3 hours. The experimental group was injected with rapamycin（ 1 mg/kg） intraperitoneally before establishing the cerebral infarction model. The sham-operated group did not plug the thread， and the rest of the process was same with the control group. The changes of brain tissue were observed by TTC staining. Changes of Bcl-2， Caspase-3 and autophagy related prtein LC-3 were detected by immunohistochemistry （immunofluorescence）. Results There was no ischemia detection in TTC staining sham operation. After 3 hours of ischemia， the lesion side brain tissue was pale， and the lesions in the experimental group were smaller than those in the control group. The score of neurological deficit of the experimental group at the 6th， 12th and 24th hour after reperfusion was lower than that of the control group（ P＜0.05）. The expression of caspase-3 increased significantly at the 4th hour after reperfusion and peaked at 24h， and the expression of caspase-3 of experimental group at the 6th， 24th hour and the 7th day was significantly lower than that of control group， and the difference was statistically significant（ P ＜ 0.05）. The expression of Bcl-2 increased at the 4th hour after reperfusion， and peaked at the 24th hour after reperfusion. The reperfusion at the 4th， 6th， 12th and 24th hour of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group（ P ＜ 0.05）. The expression of LC-3 of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group . Conclusions Rapamycin can promote LC-3 expression to inhibit apoptosis， reduce the expression of Caspase-3 and increase the expression of Bcl-2， so as to reduce the injury caused by ischemia， which has a definite effect on the recovery of neurological function after ischemia in rats.

Abstract:In order to promote the further development of rehabilitation education， Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital explores the development model of "rehabilitation integrate into the medical treatment， medical treatment embodies rehabilitation features"， putting forward the development of "Dual tutorial system" education system for undergraduates of neurologic rehabilitation therapeutics. This paper introduces the specific content of the cultivation system， so as to provide reference for cultivating high quality applied rehabilitation specialists.

Abstract:Corticosteroid hormone releasing hormone（ CRH） and CRH receptor 1（ CRHR1） are closely related to the pathogenesis of affective disorder， such as depression， anxiety， suicide， bipolar disorder， and other psychiatric disorders. This study takes an overview of researches on all kinds of affective disorder and CRHR1 from the perspective of genes.

Abstract:Parkinson disease（ PD） is a common neurodegenerative disease. The abnormity of extracellular microenvironment， as another important pathogenic factor apart from cell dysfunction and toxic action， has been gradually concerned. The leading edge therapy on extracellular dysfunction includes convection-enhanced delivery（ CED） and simple diffusion delivery（ SDD）. The efficiency and safety of SDD has been proved in many advanced studies. In this paper， we summed up studies on cerebral interstitial therapy. On this basis， we highlighted newly-developed application of SDD on PD treatment by domestic scholars.

Abstract:Early life is a highly sensitive period in the development of human and rodent brains. Early life stress（ ELS） can take part in the development of neurons in the brain， and affect the cognitive level of adult. This review discusses the effects of ELS on the cognitive function of adults and its possible mechanism. A large number of studies indicate that the effects of ELS on the cognitive function of individual adults is probably through regulating DNA methylation， activating the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal（ HPA） axis， changing the expression of neurotrophic factors， altering the structure and function of brain regions， etc. At the same time， ELS can also cause anxiety- and depression-like mental performance in adulthood， which also leads to impaired cognitive function.

Abstract:With the aging of the world population， the incidence of Alzheimer disease（ AD） increases gradually， which seriously affects human life. Therefore， effective treatment is urgently needed. In recent years， with the extensive application of genetic theory and gene knockout technology in the field of neurology， scientists have found that the neurogenesis of hippocampus and cortex is also affected by AD with genetic deletion. As neuron loss is a very important pathological feature of AD， neurons that induce nerve regeneration and replace death and functional degeneration in AD may be a cure for reversing AD. Adult neurogenesis not only opens up broad prospects for AD treatment， but also explores the etiology and pathogenesis of AD. Therefore， understanding the pathogenesis of adult neurogenesis may put forward a new strategy for the treatment of AD.

Abstract:Estrogen and estrogen receptors play a vitally regulated role in hippocampus dependent advanced functional emotion and cognitive related diseases. Therefore， this paper reviews the regulation function of estrogen and its receptors in depression， schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease（ AD）. Supplementation of estrogen or selective estrogen receptor modulators may be a new method for the treatment of depression， schizophrenia and AD.

Abstract:Minor ischemic stroke（ MIS） is considered to be a mild， non-disabling stroke， but its high recurrence rate often leads to poor prognosis. Functional Independence Measure（ FIM） are commonly used to measure motor and cognitive functions in patients to assess the functional independence. The severity of the stroke， whether or not using intravenous thrombolytic therapy and other factors have a certain impact on the patient functional independence and prognosis. This article reviews the factors that affect the functional independence of patients with MIS.

Abstract:The diagnosis of major depressive disorder（ MDD） is mainly based on clinical symptoms. Objective biomarkers of MDD has been one of the research focuses. In recent years， the application of pattern recognition in the analysis of neuroimaging data has obtained certain research results. This paper reviews the application of pattern recognition in the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.

Abstract:Guillain-Barré syndrome（ GBS） is an autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy which mainly damages most of the spinal roots and peripheral nerves and also affects the cranial nerves. The exact cause of GBS is unknown. Previous studies have shown that immune cells and their cytokines occupy an important position in the pathogenesis of GBS. In recent years， researchers have made new discoveries on the relationship between them through further studies. This article will elaborate on this.