Abstract:Geriatric psychiatry， as an essential part of psychiatry， has gradually changed from only caring about the physical and mental health of the elderly to a subject of brain science for the elderly. Due to the complex pathogenesis and poor therapeutic effect， the research of psychiatric disorder in the elderly is faced with great challenges， and more innovative and effective prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed. This paper briefly reviews the research progress in the pathophysiological mechanism and treatment of common psychiatric disorder in the elderly， hoping to draw more attention to the psychiatric disorder in the elderly.

Abstract:Objective To explore the characteristics and changes of cognitive function after ischemic stroke and their relationship with changes of functional connectivity（ FC） in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging（ fMRI） in ischemic stroke patients after 3 months. Methods From September 2016 to February 2017， a total of 23 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment（ PSCI） in basal ganglia and 17 ischemic stroke patients in basal ganglia with no cognitive impairment（ NCI） in the Cerebrovascular ward of Neurology Department of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were recruited. At 2 weeks and 3 months after stroke， the cognitive function of the patients was evaluated and restingstate fMRI images were collected. Another 30 age， gender and education matched healthy volunteers were selected as the control group， and the cognitive function and restingstate fMRI data were collected. The changes of cognitive function and functional connection intensity at baseline and 3 months were compared， and the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and functional connection intensity after stroke was analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results At 2 weeks after stroke onset， the PSCI group showed significantly lower scores of total Auditory Verbal Learning Test（ AVLT）， Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure（ RCFT） -delayed memory， Boston Naming Test（ BNT）， Verbal Fluency Test（ VFT） and Symbol Digital Modalities Test（ SDMT）， prominently longer time of Trail Making Test （TMT）- A， TMT-B and Stroop Color-Word Test（ CWT） than those in the control group （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with NCI patients， the PSCI patients showed dramatically lower score of RCFT-delayed memory and longer time of TMT-A. At 3 months， the PSCI group exhibited significantly improved RCFT-delayed memory score than that in baseline（ 2 weeks after onset）（ P＜0.05）. The PSCI group showed significantly lower FC in frontal lobe than that in baseline（ GRF corrected，voxel P＜0.05，cluster P＜0.05）. The declined FA value in frontal lobe were positively related to the improved score of RCFT-delayed memory（ GRF corrected，voxel P＜0.05， cluster P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions In the patients with cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke in the basal ganglia， the intensity of functional connection in the frontal lobe increased significantly in the acute phase， and the scores of visual delayed recollection improved significantly in 3 months after onset compared with 2 weeks. The intensity of functional connection in the frontal lobe decreased gradually， which was related to the improvement of visual delayed recall.

Abstract:Objective To study the characteristics of cognitive potential in patients with depressive episode of bipolar disorder by event-related potential P300. Methods Totals of 32 patients with depressive episode of bipolar disorder（ patient group， including 8 patients with bipolar I disorder and 24 with bipolar II disorder） and 30 healthy controls（ control group） were recruited. P300 test was conducted using the classic visual oddball paradigm. Behavioral data and P300 components were compared and analyzed. Results The accuracy of keystroke in the patient group［ （85.42±9.33）%］was lower than that in the control group［ （89.88±6.84）%］， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. The amplitude of multiple electrode sites in the patient group was lower than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. Further analysis showed that the P300 latency of bipolar depressive episode patients with psychotic symptoms at the electrode site FP1［ （570.00±208.65） ms］， F7［ （505.20±184.50） ms］was longer than that of patients without psychotic symptoms［ （411.59±196.52），（ 371.76±142.80） ms］， and the difference was statistically significant （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The cognitive function of patients with bipolar depressive episode is impaired to a certain extent， which is mainly manifested in the decrease of amplitude of visual P300， the latency at sites FP1 and F7 are longer in the bipolar depressive episode patients with psychotic symptoms than in the group without psychotic symptoms.

Abstract:Objective To explore the predictive value and significance of hemorrhage after thrombolysis （HAT） model combined with peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio（ NLR） in the hemorrhage transformation（ HT） of acute cerebral infarction（ ACI）. Methods Clinical data of 433 patients with ACI who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from May 2018 to April 2019 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. On the basis of hemorrhage transformation during hospitalization， all the participants were divided into two groups， non-hemorrhagic transformation group（ NHT group） and hemorrhagic transformation group（ HT group）. The general clinical data of the two groups were collected and analyzed by single factor analysis， including demographic basic data（ age， gender）， vascular risk factors（ smoking， drinking， hypertension， diabetes， atrial fibrillation）， blood pressure（ baseline systolic pressure， baseline diastolic pressure）， baseline NIHSS score， trail of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment trial（ TOAST） typing and laboratory test results， such as leukocyte count， neutrophil count， lymphocyte count， NLR， baseline blood glucose and CT early infarct area. The NLR， HAT model score and other clinical data were compared between the two groups. Multiple logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to compare the related factors of hemorrhage transformation in patients with ACI who were not treated with thrombolysis， and ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive effect of HAT model（ including three factors of patients' previous diabetes history or baseline blood glucose， CT early infarct area and NIHSS score） combined with peripheral blood NLR on hemorrhage transformation in patients with ACI who were not treated with thrombolysis. Results A total of 433 patients were included， among that 77 patients in the HT group， counted for 17.8%. The other 356 patients were in the NHT group. The baseline systolic blood pressure， history of atrial fibrillation， leukocyte count， neutrophil count， NLR， baseline blood glucose and NIHSS scores of HT group were higher than those of NHT group， while the lymphocyte count was lower than that of NHT group（ P ＜ 0.01）. There were significant differences in the early infarct area， TOAST classification and HAT model score between the two groups（ P＜ 0.01）， and there was no significant difference in the other factors（ P＞0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR（ OR=1.23， 95%CI=1.12-1.34）， baseline blood glucose（ OR=1.18， 95%CI=1.04-1.33）， baseline national institute of health stroke scale（ NIHSS） score（ OR=1.04， 95%CI=1.00-1.08）， baseline systolic blood pressure （OR=1.02， 95%CI=1.01-1.04）， early infarct volume of CT（ OR=2.41， 95%CI=1.38-4.22）， and cardiogenic stroke were all independent risk factors of HT（ P＜0.05）. ROC curve analysis showed the optimal cut-off value of HAT model score combined with NLR was 1.50， the sensitivity and specificity were 83.10% and 62.40% respectively， and the area under ROC curve was 0.81（ 95%CI=0.75-0.86，P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The greater the NLR， baseline blood glucose， baseline NIHSS and early infarct area in CT， the greater the risk of HT. The HAT model score combined with NLR can be used as a predictor of HT in ACI patients without Intravenous thrombolytic therapy.

Abstract:Objective To explore the different characteristics of exploratory eye movement（ EEM）in elderly patients with bipolar and unipolar depression in acute phase. Methods The general situation， disease characteristics， EEM test， Hamilton Depression Scale（ HAMD） evaluation and correlation analysis were carried out in 34 elderly patients with bipolar depression（ biphasic group） and 38 patients with monophasic depression （monophasic group）. Results There was no significant difference in HAMD-24 total score and 7 factors of HAMD（ P ＞ 0.05）. The results of the EEM in two groups were abnormal. There was no significant difference between two groups in the mumber of eye fixation（ NEF）（ P ＞ 0.05）. The responsive search score（ RSS） in monophasic group was lower than that in biphasic group（ P＜ 0.05）， and the D value was higher than that in biphasic group（ P ＜ 0.05）. There was no significant correlation between eye movement and HAMD， general condition and disease characters（ P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusions There are different characteristics of RSS and D values in EEM of the elderly patients with bipolar and monophasic depression in the acute stage， and they have little relationship with clinical symptoms and general demographic indicators， which need further exploration and analysis.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（ rTMS） on the attention bias of methamphetamine-dependent patients. Methods A total of 50 methamphetaminedependent patients were randomly divided into two groups in the order of total reaction time： the experimental group and the control group. Real rTMS was used in the experimental group and fake rTMS was used in the control group. The Addictive Stroop Task was used to test the attention bias of methamphetaminedependent patients before and after the treatment. Results After the treatment， the average reaction time of methamphetamine-related words in the experimental group is significantly shorter than that in the control group （P ＜ 0.05）. However， there was no statistically significant difference in the average reaction time of neutral words between the two groups（ P ＞ 0.05）. In the experimental group， the average reaction time of methamphetamine-related words and neutral words after the treatment was shorter than before the treatment （P＜0.05）， while the accuracy rate showed no significant difference before and after the treatment（ P＞0.05）. In the control group， there was no difference in the average reaction time of methamphetamine-related words and neutral words and the accuracy rate before and after the treatment（ P＞0.05）. Conclusions To some extent， the rTMS treatment can improve the attention bias of methamphetamine-dependent patients.

Abstract:Under the influence of medical ethics and other factors， the safety of medication in pregnancy has not been fully studied so far. Insomnia is a common condition during pregnancy. It may be a normal physiological manifestation after pregnancy， an early symptom of mental illness， or an inducement to relapse of mental illness. However， most of the current safety studies on the use of sedative hypnotics during pregnancy are small sample retrospective studies， and the results are inconsistent. Therefore， its safety needs to be further confirmed. This paper reviews the existing researches on the safety of sedative hypnotics in pregnancy.

Abstract:Vestibular migraine is a common clinical manifestation of a variety of dizziness and vestibular symptoms. The pathogenesis of vestibular migraine is not clear. Its increasing prevalence and recurrent attacks seriously affect patients' quality of life. As a common clinical disease， complicated clinical manifestations and negative examination results still make it difficult for clinicians to diagnose vestibular migraine. The application of neuroimaging technology has greatly enhanced our understanding of vestibular migraine.

Abstract:The cognitive processing model of patients with social anxiety disorder has always been a hot topic of research. The attention bias， explanation bias， memory bias and post-processing in the process can cause and reinforce the symptoms of social anxiety. Many cognitive intervention methods are derived based on this model. Therefore， this paper summarizes the existing different cognitive intervention methods and their possible biological mechanism studies to elaborate the causes of the efficacy of cognitive intervention. This paper may also provide a new idea for better research and treatment of social anxiety disorder in the future.

Abstract:Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a common mental disorder characterized by obsessive thinking and/or compulsive behavior that severely affects the patient's social functioning and daily life. In recent years， the research on default mode network in obsessive-compulsive disorder has gradually become a hot topic. This paper reviews the latest research results on default mode network in obsessive-compulsive disorder in China and abroad.

Abstract:胼胝体； 认知障碍； 语言障碍； 可逆性胼胝体压部病变综合征