Abstract:Depression is one of the most common mental disorders with complex pathophysiological mechanism. In recent years， the oxidative stress hypothesis of depression has attracted much attention. Many studies have found that patients with depression have increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine（ 8-OHdG）， which is considered as a biological marker of DNA damage caused by oxidative stress. This paper reviews the research on the correlation between 8-OHdG and depression， and provides references for the research on the pathogenesis of depression.

Abstract:Objectives To evaluate the effect of TianmaGouteng decoction on the quality of life of patients with extrapyramidal adverse reactions in schizophrenia. Methods A total of 90 patients were randomly divided into TianmaGouteng decoction group（ study group） and Benzhexol group（ control group）. The patients were followed up for 8 weeks. The extrapyramidal adverse reactions， quality of life and adverse reactions were evaluated by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale（ AIMS）， Rating Scale for ExtrapyramdalSide Effects（RSESE）， MOS Item Short- Form Health Survey（SF-36） and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale（TESS） before and after treatment. Results （1） There was no difference in the changes in AIMS and RSESE between the two groups before and after treatment（ P ＞0. 05）.（ 2） The main effects analysis of the repeated-measures analysis of variance shows that the time main effects of role limitations due to emotional problems（RE）， mental component summary（ MCS） and health transitions（ HT） changes after intervention are statistically significant （P＜0.05）； There was no significant difference in the main effect between the two groups（ all P＞0.05）； but interaction effects were statistically significant in physical functioning（ PF）， roe limitations due to physical health（ RP）， general health perceptions（GH）， physical component summary（ PCS） and total score of SF-36 （P＜0.05）. Individual effect analysis shows there were significant differences in PF， RP， GH， PCS and total score of SF-36 in the study group before and after treatment， with statistical significance（ all P＜0.01）. There were significant differences in PF， PCS in the control group before and after treatment， with statistical significance（ all P＜0.05）.（ 3） After treatment， the improvement of AIMS scale and RSESE scale in the study group was positively correlated with the improvement of PF（ r=0.385，P=0.012；r=0.381，P=0.012） and RP（ r=0.416，P=0.006； r=0.314，P=0.040）， the improvement of GH was positively correlated with the improvement of RSESE scale （r=0.342，P=0.025）. The improvement of total score of SF-36 was positively correlated with the improvement of AIMS scale（ r=0.300，P=0.007）.The improvement of PCS was positively correlated with the improvement of AIMS scale and RSESE scale（ r=0.338，P=0.002；r=0.275，P=0.011）.（ 4） There was a significant difference in the score difference of TESS symptom severity between the two groups before and after treatment（ Z= -3.506，P ＜ 0.001）. Conclusions TianmaGouteng decoction can improve the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia， which may be related to its effect on improving extrapyramidal adverse reactions.In addition， the adverse reaction was less than that of Benzhexol.

Abstract:Objectives To construct a prediction model related to MRI total burden score of cerebral small vessel disease（ CSVD）， so as to realize the use of individual indicators to predict the severity of CSVD in imaging. Methods This study is a retrospective study， including 429 CSVD patients in outpatient department and inpatient department of Neurology in Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from July 2018 to March 2019. General clinical data（ including demographic characteristics such as gender， age， vascular risk factors such as hypertension history， diabetes history， coronary heart disease history， stroke history， smoking and drinking， etc.）， laboratory examination（ including blood routine， liver and kidney function， blood lipid， coagulation function， inflammatory index， thyroid function， etc）. and imaging data（ such as brain MRI） of all patients were collected. According to the total CSVD score， the patients were divided into mild group（ score 0 to 1， 198 cases）， moderate group（ score 2， 93 cases） and severe group（ score 3 to 4， 138 cases）.Single factor analysis was used to compare the data differences between the groups. With the mild group as a reference， multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of CSVD in the moderate or the severe group， and ROC was used to analyze the value of each factor in predicting the moderate or severe CSVD. Results Compared with mild CSVD，multivariate Logistic regression showed that age （OR=1.115，95%CI：1.077-1.156），history of hypertension（ OR=2.549，95%CI：1.393-4.662）， AST（ OR=0.953， 95%CI；0.911-0.997） and cystatin C（ OR=53.246， 95%CI：2.774-1021.986） were predictors of moderate CSVD （P＜0.05）， while age（ OR=1.156，95%CI：1.113-1.200）， history of hypertension（ OR=4.642，95%CI：2.425- 8.883），creatinine（ OR=1.029，95%CI：1.007-1.052）， HDL（ OR=0.312，95%CI：0.102-0.952）， lymphocyte count（ OR=0.4406，95%CI：0.243-0.797），APTT（ OR=1.158，95%CI：1.046-1.282） and HCY（ OR=1.119， 95%CI：1.025-1.220） were predictors of severe CSVD（ P＜0.05）. By plotting the ROC curve of the prediction probability obtained from the above model and the selected single variable，the AUCROC of joint diagnosis of moderate CSVD is 0.828（95%CI：0.777-0.878）， and the AUCROC of combined diagnosis of severe CSVD is 0.910 （95%CI：0.880-0.940）.The AUCROC of combined diagnosis of moderate/severe CSVD was larger than that of single factor AUCROC，and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜0.05）. Conclusions Understanding the demographic information， past history，laboratory tests and other information of CSVD patients to build a prediction model of CSVD severity is more conducive to the prediction of moderate/severe CSVD than a single index.

Abstract:Objectives To investigate the mediating effect of working memory on social function in patients with depressive disorder. Methods This study is a cross-sectional study. A total of 149 depressive disorder patients who met the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria were included in Beijing Anding Hospital from June 2017 to Augest 2018. The Patient Health Questionnaire（ PHQ-9）， Sheehan Disability Scale（ SDS）， and Self-ordered Pointing Task（ SOPT） were applied to evaluate patients' depression severity and social function. Hierarchical regression model was used to test the mediating effect of working memory between depression severity and social function. Results （1） The PHQ-9 total score was positively correlated with the SDS total score（ r=0.41，P＜ 0.01）， with the click numbers of SOPT（ r=0.19，P＜ 0.05）， and the SDS total score was positively correlated with the click numbers of SOPT（ r=0.16，P ＜ 0.05）.（ 2） The results of hierarchical regression model and bootstrap showed that the total number of SOPT clicks had partial mediating effect on the total score of PHQ-9 and SDS， and the proportion of mediating effect was 4.09%. Conclusions The social function of patients with depressive disorder is indeed affected by the mediating effect of working memory， but it is only a partial mediating effect.

Abstract:Objectives To explore the characteristics and correlation of serum TNF-α levels and cognitive function before and after treatment in patients with post-stroke depression. Methods A total of 42 patients with post-stroke depression in the inpatients and outpatients department of Suzhou Guangji Hospital from July 2016 to June 2019 were recruited as study group retrospectively. And 42 age matched social health examinees were selected as the control group. The patients in the study group were treated with conventional oral antidepressants. According to the specific situation of the patients， the dosage gradually increased to the treatment amount within 1-2 weeks.In the study group， before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment， the severity of depression was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale（ HAMD）， the cognitive function was tested by rapid visual information processing（ RVP） in Cambridge Neuropsychological Automated Tes（t CANTAB）， and the serum TNF-α concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.In the control group， cognitive function and fasting serum TNF-α were measured only at baseline， and the indexes of the two groups and the indexes before and after treatment in the study group were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the correlation of TNF-α level with RVP cognitive test and HAMD-17 total score before and after treatment in the study group. Results （1） Before treatment， the serum TNF-α level in the study group （35.80±7.06） ng/L was higher than that in the control group（20.70±3.65） ng/L； in the cognitive test， the RVP hit rate（56.33±20.89）， the total correct numbe（r 244.73±14.38）， the total number of hits（ 14.57±5.05） and A' statistics（ 0.88±0.05） were lower than those in the healthy control group， while the total number of missed strokes in the study group（11.39±4.55） was higher than that in the control group（ 7.29±4.02）， and the difference was statistically significant（ P＜ 0.05）. The result of correlation analysis showed the serum TNF-α levelin the study group was negatively correlated with the hit rate（ r=-0.271）， total correct numbe（r r=-0.345）， total number of hits（ r=-0.317） and A′statistics（ r=-0.351） in the RVP（ P＜0.01）， and was positivelyrelated to the total missed numbe（r r=0.420） and HAMD-17（ r=0.756）（P＜0.01）.（ 2） After treatment， the serum TNF- αlevel， RVP cognition test（ total correct number， total number of hits， A′statistic） and total HAMD-17 scores in the study group were（ 22.30±4.04） ng/L，（ 253.01±15.63），（ 18.58±4.79），（ 0.90±0.06） and（ 7.52±2.12）， which were all improved， and the differences were statistically significant（ all P＜0.05）. Conclusions Serum TNF-α increases and cognitive function decreases in patients with post-stroke depression. Serum TNF-α decreases and cognitive function improves after treatment. Correlation analysis suggests that serum TNF-α levels are related to cognitive function in patients with post-stroke depression.

Abstract:Depression is one of the common psychiatry disorders， characterized by high prevalence， high disease burden，high recurrence rate， high disability rate and high suicide rate. Previous studies in China and other countrieshave found that depression patients have cognitive impairment of different degrees. Cognitive symptoms can occur earlier than other symptoms of depression， which is an important item in the diagnosis standard of depression， and also an important residual symptom， which seriously affects the life and work of patients. At present， the development of magnetic resonance imaging， nervous and biochemical detection， brain evoked potentials and other methods have assisted the research of cognitive function in depression. Among them， event-related potentials has become a hot topic of research. The review aims to summarize the development of event-related potentials in depression， which will provide an insight into the diagnosis and treatment of depression.

Abstract:Disturbed Social and biological rhythm are widely observable in patients with bipolar disorder or depressive disorder. Clinical practice evidence suggests that interpersonal and social rhythm therapy （IPSRT） has a proven effect in stabilizing patients' social rhythm and improving their biological rhythm. This article reviews the biological rhythm in bipolar disorder or depressive disorder， theoretical basis， intervention methods and research progress of IPSRT. It also hopes to provide an effective treatment for patients with bipolar disorder or depressive disorder.

Abstract:Chronic alcohol consumption can induce cognitive impairment， whereby the exact mechanism remains unknown. Elevated plasma homocysteine level are closely related to cognitive impairment in alcohol-dependent patients. This article reviews the research of homocysteine and cognitive impairment in alcohol dependent patients，from the aspects of biological effects of homocysteine， the relationship between homocysteine and alcohol-related cognitive impairment， and treatment progress.

Abstract:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ ALS） is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degradation of motor neurons in the spinal cord， cortex and brainstem， leading to muscle weakness， myophagism， and spasticity. At present， the specific mechanism of ALS is unknown， and the mechanism of oxidative stress is a hot topic in recent years. This article reviews the relationship between oxidative stress and ALS.

Abstract:Post-traumatic stress disorder（ PTSD） is one of the most serious mental disorders， and psychotherapy is a common treatment for PTSD. It has been proved that psychotherapy is very important for the improvement of PTSD symptoms， but there are few reports about the differences in the applicability and efficacy on various psychotherapy methods. This article reviews the domestic and international researches on the psychotherapy of PTSD， and elaborates the mechanism and indication of different psychotherapy methods