Abstract:Neuropathic pain is often accompanied by emotional and cognitive disorders， but its internal mechanism is not clear. The behavioral and functional changes of chronic constriction injury （CCI） model and spared nerve injury （SNI） model are more similar to clinical neuropathic pain symptoms， and can induce late pain neuropsychiatric disorders （anxiety-like， depression-like behaviors and cognitive impairments）. Thus， CCI and SNI rats or mice model often be used in the study of cognitive function of neuropathic pain. This review will introduce the characteristics of two animal models and summarize their application and research progress of the cognitive function of neuropathic pain， in order to provide help for the study of pathological mechanism and intervention of cognitive function changing of neuropathic pain

Abstract:Objective To explore the neurobiological mechanism and the underlying effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） treatment in patients with first-episode major depression disorder （MDD）， using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation （ALFF） of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. Methods A total of 35 patients with first-episode MDD treated in the Department of Psychiatry of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from May 2019 to December 2020 were recruited as the treatment group. Another 37 healthy individuals matched in gender， age and education with the treatment group were recruited through advertisements as the control group. Resting fMRI scans were performed in both groups. The treatment group underwent fMRI scan again after 15 days of rTMS treatment， and at the same time the two groups were evaluated by clinical scale. The fMRI data was processed by DPABI software， and the ALFF value of the whole brain of the two groups of subjects was calculated and compared and analyzed. Results The scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD-17） ［22.00 （20.25， 24.00）vs 10.00 （8.00， 11.75）， U=40.50， P＜0.001］， Generalized Anxiety Scale （GAD-7） ［8.50 （6.00， 11.00） vs 6.00 （4.25， 7.00）， U=234.00， P＜ 0.001］ and Patient Health Questionnaire （PHQ-9） ［14.50 （12.00， 19.00） vs 9.00 （6.00， 11.75）， U=138.50， P＜ 0.001］ of the treatment group decreased significantly after rTMS treatment， and the differences were statistically significant （P ＜ 0.001）. After the treatment， the MDD patients showed increased ALFF in the right superior frontal gyrus ［-1.02 （-1.08， -0.67） vs -0.68 （-0.99， -0.29）， U=217.00， P=0.007］ and right inferior temporal gyrus ［-0.50 （-0.67， -0.33） vs -0.29 （-0.41， -0.08）， U=173.00， P ＜ 0.01］， while decreased ALFF in the right superior marginal gyrus ［0.89 （0.46， 1.13） vs 0.36 （0.06， 0.81）， U=228.00， P=0.012］ and left posterior cingulate gyrus ［1.09 （0.81， 1.39） vs 0.69 （0.05， 1.00）， U=198.00， P=0.002］. The post-comparison results of ANOVA analysis showed that the differences of ALFF values between after rTMS treatment in MDD patients and health controls were not statistically significant （P＞ 0.05）， suggesting that these brain areas tended to be normal or reversed after rTMS treatment. Conclusions rTMS treatment can enhance the activity intensity of the superior frontal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus and reduce the activity intensity of the superior marginal gyrus and posterior cingulate gyrus， thus playing dynamic balance regulation effect on the brain function of patients with MDD.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between the rs1061325 polymorphism of clathrin heavy chain like 1 （CLTCL1） gene and schizophrenia in Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 662 schizophrenia patients in the inpatient department and outpatient department of Shanghai Mental Health Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from 2007 to 2008 were selected as the case group. At the same time， a total of 414 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. The rs1061325 polymorphism of the CLTCL1 gene was genotyped by TaqMan genotyping assay. the severity of psychiatric symptoms in the case group were assessed by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， and the correlation between PANSS score and different genotypes was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of rs1061325 alleles and genotype between the case group and the control group （χ2 =0.25， P=0.62； χ2 =0.28，P=0.87）. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution under codominant， dominant， recessive， over-dominant and log-additive models （P＞0.05）. The rs1061325 genotype polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia had no significant effect on the age of onset［（24.15±6.71） years］， the course of the disease ［（31.23±9.49） years］ and BMI ［（26.46±5.28） kg/m2 ］ （F=1.15， P=0.32； F=0.33， P=0.72； F=0.75， P=0.48）There was no correlation between rs1061325 genotype polymorphism and PANSS positive symptom score， negative symptom score， general psychopathology score and PANSS total score （F=1.26， P=0.29； F=0.37， P=0.69； F=0.34， P=0.72； F=0.49， P=0.62）. Conclusions There was no association between rs1061325 polymorphism of CLTCL1 gene and schizophrenia in Chinese Han population.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between empathy and psychological resilience of adolescent parents and the role of mentality in it. Methods In June 2020， a total of 600 parents of a middle school in Beijing were investigated by using empathy scale， psychological resilience scale and reflection function scale. 588 valid questionnaires were collected. The mediating effect was analyzed by using model 4 in SPSS 20.0 Process v3.4 plug-in. Results The differences in total empathy ［male （91.04±10.58），female （94.53±9.95）］， total psychological resilience ［male （91.61±15.43）， female （87.87±13.45）］ and over-mentalization of parents of adolescents of different genders ［male 1.00 （0.33， 1.67）， female 0.67（0.33， 1.33）］ were statistically significant （t=-3.502， P ＜ 0.01； t=2.523， P ＜ 0.05； Z=1.962， P=0.05）. There are statistically significant differences in mentalization deficits ［urban 0.33 （0， 0.50） vs rural areas 0.33 （0.17， 0.67）］ and over-mentalization ［urban 0.83 （0.33， 1.50） vs rural areas 0.67 （0.17， 1.17）］ among parents living in urban and rural areas （Z=-2.735， P ＜ 0.05； Z=3.156， P ＜ 0.05）. The higher the level of education， the higher the total psychological resilience ［High school and below （83.58±14.99） vs College/undergraduate （88.99±14.23） vs Master and above （92.34±10.84）］ and excessive mentalization score ［High school and below 0.50 （0.08， 1.25） vs College/undergraduate 0.67 （0.08， 1.20） vs Master and above 1.00 （0.50， 1.67）］， and the lower the mentalization deficit score ［High school and below 0.18（0.17， 0.83） vs College/undergraduate 0.33 （0.17， 0.83） vs Master and above 0.17 （0.00， 0.50）］ （F=11.592， P ＜ 0.01； Z=21.355， P ＜ 0.01； Z=7.645， P ＜ 0.05）. In terms of mental resilience， strength， optimism and empathy are positively correlated （β=0.30， P＜ 0.01； β=0.16， P＜ 0.05）， and personal pain is negatively correlated with strength （β=-0.24， P＜ 0.01）. In terms of mentalization， there is a positive correlation between mentalization deficits and total empathy scores （β=-0.28， P ＜ 0.01）. In addition， over-mentalization is positively related to transpositional consideration and empathy （β=0.25， P ＜ 0.01； β=0.15， P ＜ 0.01）. The total score of mental resilience is negatively correlated with mentalization deficits （β=-0.14， P=0.001）， and positively correlated with excessive mentalization （β=0.32， P ＜ 0.001）. In addition， the total psychological resilience score is positively correlated with transpositional consideration and empathy （β=0.37， P ＜ 0.001； β=0.14， P=0.001）， and negatively correlated with personal pain （β=-0.41， P ＜ 0.001）. The level of mentalization plays a part of the mediating role between the mental flexibility and empathy of adolescents' parents. Conclusions The mentality level of adolescents' parents as an intermediary variable plays a certain role in regulating psychological resilience and empathy.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship of suicide attempt with impulsivity and social demographic factors in schizophrenia patients. Methods This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. A total of 913 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 1 to December 31 in 2018 were retrospectively investigated. A self-made questionnaire was used to record the sociodemographic data and disease characteristics of the patients. The "suicide attempt history" in the suicide risk assessment scale was used to determine whether the patient had suicide attempt and the impulsive behavior risk assessment scale was used to assess whether the patient had impulsivity. The influence factors of suicide attempt were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results The lifetime suicide attempt detection rate of inpatients with schizophrenia was 12.5%. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that impulsivity （OR=2.226， P=0.001）， multiple hospitalization （OR=1.103， P=0.012）， and smoking （OR=1.603， P=0.039） were the associated factors of suicide attempt in schizophrenia patients （P ＜ 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that impulsivity （OR=2.197， P ＜ 0.001） was correlated with suicide attempt in schizophrenia. Among sociodemographic factors， female （OR=2.459， P=0.001）， smoking （OR=2.630， P=0.001）， and multiple hospitalization （OR=1.091， P=0.030） were correlated with suicide attempt in schizophrenia （P＜0.05）. Conclusions Schizophrenics， who were impulsive， female， hospitalized multiple times， and smoking， were more likely to have a higher risk of suicide

Abstract:Objective To explore the impact of residual symptoms on psychosocial function of patients with euthymic bipolar disorder. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 81 patients with euthymic bipolar disorder diagnosed by ICD-10， who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from November 2019 to December 2020， were enrolled in this study. The demographic survey was conducted. The residual mood symptoms were measured by Hamilton Depressive Scale 24 items （HAMD-24）， Hypomania Check List （HCL-32） and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. Hopkins Verbal Learning Test revised （HVLT-R）， Brief Visuospatial Memory Test revised （BVMT-R）， Trail Making Test A（TMT-A） and Digit span task （DST） were used to assess the residual cognitive symptoms. The Global Assessment Function （GAF） was used to evaluate the psychosocial function. The patients were divided into two groups according to the score of GAF： high social function group （GAF=9） with 27 cases and low social function group （GAF ＜ 9） with 54 cases. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0. Results Compared with the GAF=9 group， the GAF ＜ 9 group had more female ［40.7% （22/54） vs 33.3% （9/27）］， lower level of education ［12.00（9.00，13.00） vs 16.00（12.00，16.00）］， more unemployed ［40.7% （22/54） vs 18.5%（5/27）］， higher dosage of antipsychotics ［（10.48±5.40） vs （7.99±5.65）］ mg， higher HAMD score ［6.00（3.75，10.00） vs 3.00 （0，6.00）］， lower BVMT-RT1 score ［4.00（1.00，8.00） vs 6.00（3.00，10.00）］， lower BVMT-RDR score ［7.50 （3.00，11.25） vs 11.00（8.00，12.00）］ and lower DST score ［14.00（12.00，16.00） vs 15.00（13.00，18.00）］. The differences in gender， education， marriage， profession （χ2 =9.00， P=0.03）， smoking history， drinking history， past history， the use of mood stabilizers， antidepressant， benzodiazepines， the score of HAMD， DST， BVMT-RT1， BVMT-RDR were statistical significant （P ＜ 0.05）. The overall function of patients with euthymic bipolar disorder was correlated with education level （r=-0.34，95%CI=-0.53- -0.12， P＜ 0.01）， HAMD （r=0.37，95%CI=0.16-0.56，P＜ 0.01）， BVMT-RT1 （r=-0.23，95%CI=-0.41- -0.02， P=0.04）， BVMTRDR （r=-0.24，95%CI=-0.45- -0.02，P=0.03）， DST （r=-0.23，95%CI=-0.42- -0.01，P=0.04） and the use of antipsychotics （r=0.23， 95%CI=0.02-0.44， P=0.04）. In patients with euthymic bipolar disorder， the residual depressive symptoms （χ2 =5.33， OR=1.58， 95%CI=1.07-2.33， P=0.02） and the use of antipsychotics （χ2 =4.77， OR=1.37， 95%CI=1.03-1.82， P=0.03）were the risk factors of psychosocial function impairment， and high level of education was a protective factor （χ2 =5.31， OR=0.34， 95%CI=0.14-0.85， P=0.02）. Conclusions The risk factors of psychosocial function impairment in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder include residual depressive symptoms and use of antipsychotics. The protective factor for maintaining psychosocial function in patients with euthymic bipolar disorder is high level of education.

Abstract:Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive aspiration of necrotic brain tissue combined with lateral ventricular catheter drainage for patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction aged between 60 and 80. Methods We collected 46 patients （60-80 years old） with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction， who were treated in Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Among them， 21 patients who were treated with invasive aspiration of necrotic brain tissue plus lateral ventricular catheter drainage were assigned as the aspiration group， and 25 patients who were treated conservatively were assigned as the conservative group. The short-term and long-term efficacy and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The 1-month mortality rates of the conservative group and the aspiration group were 68.0%（17/25） and 9.5%（2/21）， respectively. The incidence of early cerebral hernia within 1 week was 68.0%（17/25） and 14.3%（3/21）， respectively. The differences were statistically significant （P＜ 0.001）. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of intracranial hematoma and intracranial infection between the two groups （P ＞ 0.05）. The 6-month mortality rate of the conservative group and the aspiration group were 76.0% and 14.3%， respectively. The rates of the conservative group and the aspiration group for a score of 0 to 4 on the modified Rankin Scale （mRS） were 12.0%（3/25） and 61.9%（13/21）， respectively. The differences were statistically significant （P＜ 0.001）. The rates of the conservative group and the aspiration group for a score of 0 to 3 on the mRS were 4.0%（1/25） and 23.8%（5/21）， respectively， with no statistically significant difference （P＞ 0.05）. Conclusions The study initially showed that minimally invasive aspiration of necrotic brain tissue plus lateral ventricular catheter drainage can reduce the mortality and improve the prognosis of elderly patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction， and it is safe.

Abstract:Objective To systematically review the efficacy of psychotherapy for subthreshold depression. Methods The randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of psychotherapy for subthreshold depression were retrieved from databases， including PubMed， PsycINFO， Embase， Cochrane Library， CNKI and Wanfang. The literature search time is from the establishment of the database to April 2020. Results A total of 5 503 patients with subthreshold depression in 27 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the efficacy of psychotherapy on subthreshold depression compared with the control group （SMD=-0.38， 95%CI： -0.48- -0.28）. Subgroup analysis showed the face-to-face and internet-based psychotherapy had a significant effect on subthreshold depression compared to control groups ［（SMD=-0.41， 95%CI： -0.52- -0.30）； （SMD=-0.40， 95%CI： -0.67- -0.13）］. No significant difference was found between the stepped-care models and control groups in the treatment of subthreshold depression （SMD=-0.12， 95%CI：-0.27- 0.04）. Cognitive behavior therapy and behavioral activation had a significant effect on subthreshold depression compared to control groups （SMD=-0.41， 95%CI： -0.54- -0.28）； SMD=-0.44， 95%CI： -0.76- -0.12）］. Conclusions Psychotherapy is effective for subthreshold depression. Nonetheless， more non-cognitive behavior therapy and large sample trails are needed to validate the results

Abstract:Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） is a type of recurrent chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease， including ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn's disease （CD）. Its pathogenesis is unknown so far， and may be related to factors such as immune response， genetic susceptibility， environmental triggers， intestinal microecology， and psychological factors. An increasing amount of studies have shown that psychological factors have a potential negative impact on the occurrence and development of IBD. In this article， we will briefly review the recent research progress on the psychological status of patients with IBD， suggesting that clinicians should pay attention to the identification of the mental state of patients with IBD， and the combination of mind and body treatment will be the future trend of the treatment of IBD.

Abstract:Postoperative cognitive dysfunction （POCD） is one of the most common post-operative complication of central nervous system. Recent study demonstrates that the changes of cerebral oxygen supply and demand during perioperative period significantly affect the occurrence and development of POCD. This paper discusses the research progress of perioperative cerebral oxygen supply in POCD， which is expected to provide a new target and direction for the prevention and treatment of POCD.

Abstract:Generalized anxiety disorder has not only abnormal emotion regulation， but also changes in cognitive function. In clinical practice， a variety of treatment options， including psychology， physical， and drugs， are mainly used to regulate anxiety， but their effects on improving cognitive function are often ignored. This article reviews its related cognitive deficits， pathogenesis and treatment， aiming to provide reference for early clinical identification and effective intervention of cognitive deficits related to generalized anxiety disorder.

Abstract:Schizophrenia is a kind of severe mental illness. Aggressive behavior is one of the characteristics of severe mental illness. Schizophrenia has a higher risk of aggression/violence than the general population， and the social harm is great. Understanding and mastering the neurobiological mechanisms of aggression/violence in schizophrenia is essential for its control and prevention. Currently， MRI studies on aggressive/violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia have made some progress， but the results are relatively limited， and the results are also different. This article reviews MRI studies on aggressive/violent behavior in patients with schizophrenia.

Abstract:As a new component of psychotherapy， interpersonal and social rhythm therapy has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of bipolar disorder abroad， and achieved remarkable results. However， there is still a lack of research on the application of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy in bipolar disorder in China. This paper reviews the definition and clinical manifestation of bipolar disorder， together with the theoretical basis， implementation process and application effect of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy， in order to provide reference for the psychotherapy of patients with bipolar disorder in China.

Abstract: