Abstract:During the occurrence and development of various types of cancer， oncogenes and surrounding regulatory regions can detach from chromosomes and form extrachromosomal DNA （ecDNA）. Because it is non-chromosomal inheritance， ecDNA drives high copy numbers of oncogenes and genetic heterogeneity within tumors， endowing tumors with the ability to quickly change their genomes， accelerating tumor evolution， and contributing to treatment resistance. In addition， the circular topology of ecDNA enhances chromatin accessibility， alters gene regulation and oncogene transcription， driving tumor growth and progression. The unequal separation of ecDNA from parent tumor cells to offspring cells rapidly increases the heterogeneity of tumors， providing them with adaptability to immunosuppressive microenvironment and drug therapy， and possibly providing an advantage in tumor evolution. Glioblastoma （GBM） is the most common and malignant neurological tumor， and the study of ecDNA in the field of gliomas is still in its initial stages. This article discusses the impact of ecDNA on the occurrence， development， and treatment resistance of GBM， highlights new research and proposes future research directions for GBM treatment targeting ecDNA， broadens understanding of GBM diseases， and helps to develop new diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets for GBM from the perspective of ecDNA in the future.

Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between parental marital adjustment and adolescent depressive symptoms， as well as the mediating role of maternal depressive symptoms. Methods From November to December 2021， students and their mothers from a high school in Henan Province were selected as the research subject. The parental marital adaptation and adolescent depressive symptoms were investigated with the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test （LW） and Children's Depression Inventory （CDI）， and the maternal depressive symptoms were investigated with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation among adolescent depressive symptoms， parental marital adjustment， and maternal depressive symptoms. This study conducted the mediating effect test using the Process 3.3 plugin in SPSS. Results This study obtained 1 039 valid matching questionnaires. The LW score and CDI score of 1 039 adolescents were ［84（71，95）］ and ［13（8，18）］， respectively， while the CES-D score of 1 039 adolescent mothers was ［3（0，12）］. 21.56% （224/1 039） of adolescents had a CDI score of ≥ 19， and 20.31% （211/1 039） of mothers had a CES-D score of ≥ 16. Correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between parental marital adjustment and adolescent depressive symptoms， as well as maternal depressive symptoms （r=-0.10， -0.48； P＜ 0.01）， and maternal depressive symptoms were positively correlated with adolescent depressive symptoms （r=0.12， P ＜ 0.01）， with statistically significant differences. The mediating effect of maternal depressive symptoms between parental marital adjustment and adolescent depressive symptoms was significant ［95%CI （-0.031， -0.004）］， with an effect value of -0.017， accounting for 51.43% of the total effect. Conclusions Parental marital maladjustment can increase the risk of depression in adolescents by increasing maternal depressive symptoms. Attention should be paid to the impact of marital relationships and family environment on the emotions of adolescents.

Abstract:Objective To explore the changes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） and miRNA-21 levels in brain contusion patients within 24 hours after injury and their correlation with prognosis. Methods Thirty patients with brain contusion in the Neurosurgery Department of Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from March 2021 to November 2022 were in the brain contusion group， while 15 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination in Physical Examination Center were included in the control group during the same period. Two groups of serum HIF-1α and miRNA-21 levels were detected using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction， respectively. The severity of the patient's trauma was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS）， and the patient was divided into a decreased GCS score group （n=14） and an increased GCS score group （n=16） based on changes in the GCS score 7 days after admission. The Glasgow Outcome Scale （GOS） score of 1 to 3 points 30 days after injury was defined as poor prognosis. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between GCS score and HIF-1α and miRNA-21 in patients with brain contusion， and the influencing factors of poor prognosis were analyzed through multivariate Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of miRNA-21 and HIF-1α for poor prognosis in patients with brain contusion. Results The serum levels of HIF-1α and miRNA-21 in the brain contusion group were higher than those in the control group， with statistical differences （t=-5.991， -6.722； P＜ 0.05）. The serum levels of HIF-1α and miRNA-21 were negatively correlated with GCS score and GOS score （r=-0.74， -0.54， -0.51， -0.62； P＜ 0.001）， while the serum levels of HIF-1α and miRNA-21 were positively correlated （r=0.50， P＜ 0.001）， and the differences were all statistically significant. On the seventh day after admission， the HIF-1α level in the increased GCS score group was lower than that in the decreased GCS score group， and the difference was statistically significant （P ＜ 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in miRNA-21 levels between the two groups （P ＞ 0.05）. The specificity and sensitivity of serum HIF-1α levels of 305.00 pg/ml and miRNA-21 levels of 3.95 for distinguishing patients with poor prognosis were 90.5% and 66.7%， 95.2% and 66.7%， respectively. Conclusions Serum HIF-1α and miRNA-21 may be useful biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of brain contusion.

Abstract:Objective To explore the levels and diagnostic value of serum microRNA-124 （miR-124） and microRNA-381 （miR-381） in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Methods A total of 91 first-episode schizophrenia patients admitted to Chongqing Mental Health Center from May 2019 to May 2021 were regarded as the first-episode schizophrenia group. Another 70 volunteers who came to our hospital for health examinations during the same period were regarded as the control group. RT-qPCR was applied to detect serum levels of miR- 124 and miR-381. Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS） was applied to assess the patients' condition in first-episode ES group. According to the scores， the patients were divided into mild group （n=38）， moderate group （n=29）， and severe group （n=24）. Spearman method was applied to analyze the correlation between levels of serum miR-124， miR-381 and PANSS scores in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Binomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the onset in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of levels of serum miR-124 and miR-381 for severe first-episode schizophrenia. Results The level of serum miR-124 in the firstepisode schizophrenia group was obviously lower than that in the control group， while miR-381 was obviously higher than that in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （t=7.022， 11.192； P＜ 0.01）. Compared with the mild group， the level of serum miR-124 in the moderate group and severe group were obviously reduced， while the level of miR-381 was obviously increased， with statistical significance （P＜ 0.05）. Compared with the moderate group， the severe group showed an obvious decrease in the level of serum miR-124， and an obvious increase in the level of miR-381， with statistical significance （P＜0.05）. The scores of positive symptom， negative symptom， depression emotion， excitement， cognitive function and the total score of PANSS were negatively correlated to the level of serum miR-124 （P＜ 0.05）， and positively correlated to level of serum miR-381 （P＜ 0.05）. miR-381 was a risk factor for first-episode schizophrenia （OR=0.682， 95%CI=0.511 to 0.910， P＜0.05）， while miR-124 was a protective factor （OR=2.248， 95%CI=1.125 to 4.490， P＜0.05）. The AUC of serum miR-124， miR-381， and their combination in the diagnosis of severe first-episode schizophrenia was 0.877， 0.781， and 0.935， respectively. The sensitivity of combined diagnosis was 95.83%， and the specificity was 82.09%. The combination of the two was superior to the individual diagnosis of serum miR-124 and miR-381 （Zcombination-miR-124=2.197， Pcombination-miR-124=0.028； Zcombination-miR-381=2.927， Pcombination-miR-381=0.003）. Conclusions The serum miR-124 level in first-episode schizophrenia patients is low and negatively correlated with the severity of the condition. The serum miR-381 level is high and positively correlated with the severity of the condition. Serum levels of miR-124 and miR-381 can be used as markers for diagnosing severe first-episode schizophrenia and determining the severity of the condition.

Abstract:Objective To explore the correlation between metacognitive characteristics and severity of post stroke fatigue （PSF） in patients. Methods A total of 56 inpatients with first-episode acute cerebral infarction admitted to the Wuxi Eighth People's Hospital， Jiangsu Province from November 2018 to June 2023 were selected as the study subjects. Patients with Fatigue Severity Scale （FSS） scores ≥ 4 were categorized into the PSF group （n=28）， and those with scores ＜ 4 were categorized into the non-PSF group （n=28）. The scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS）， Brief Mental Status Examination （MMSE）， FSS， Metacognition Assessment Scale Abbreviated （MAS-A）， and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised （HVLT-R） were compared between the two groups， as well as the time to completion of the Trail Making Test （TMT）. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between Fatigue Severity Scale （FSS） score and Metacognition Assessment Scale Abbreviated （MAS-A） total score， Trail Making Test（TMT）-A and TMT-B in patients with PSF. Results There were statistically significant differences in the scores of FSS and NIHSS between the two groups （P＜ 0.05）. The total MAS-A score， self-reflection score， understanding others score， decentralization score， control score and HVLT-R score of patients in the PSF group were lower than those in the non-PSF group， and the difference were statistically significant （P＜0.05）. TMT-A and TMT-B usage time of patients in the PSF group were higher than those in the non-PSF group， with statistically significant differences （P ＜ 0.05）. Spearman correlation showed that the usage time of TMT-A and TMT-B was positively correlated with FSS score（r=0.354，0.426；P ＜ 0.05）， while the total score of MAS-A was negatively correlated with FSS score（r=-0.314，P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions PSF patients have metacognitive impairment and cognitive impairment， especially in learning， memory， and executive functions.

Abstract:Objective To explore the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation （rTMS） combined with ziprasidone on cognitive function in patients with convalescent schizophrenia. Methods A total of 210 patients with convalescent schizophrenia admitted to the Outpatient Department of Shandong Mental Health Center from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group by the random number table method， with 105 cases in each group. The patients of control group were treated with ziprasidone， while the patients of observation group were given rTMS on the basis of the control group， with each group receiving treatment for 12 weeks. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） scores and the Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale （SCoRS） scores before and after treatment， and the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale（TESS） scores during treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After 12 weeks of treatment， the total effective rate of the observation group was 89.52% （94/105）， higher than the control group's 79.05% （83/105）， with a statistically significant difference （P ＜ 0.05）. The PANSS subscale scores and SCoRS scores of the two groups of patients after treatment were lower than those before treatment， and the PANSS subscale scores and SCoRS scores of the observation group after treatment were lower than those of the control group， with statistically significant differences （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusions The combination of rTMS and ziprasidone has a significant efficacy in patients with convalescent schizophrenia， which can effectively improve their cognitive function.

Abstract:Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric disorder. At present， the diagnosis of bipolar disorder mainly relies on clinical experience， and its early recognition rate and diagnostic rate are relatively low. There are differences in language signal characteristics between individuals with bipolar disorder and healthy individuals， which change with patients' emotions and disease state， and have the potential to become objective evaluation indicators for bipolar disorder. This paper introduces the basic concepts and methods of speech recognition technology， as well as the research progress of speech recognition in bipolar disorder， with the aim of identifying speech feature categories that reflect bipolar disorder and providing a basis for establishing an objective evaluation system for bipolar disorder.

Abstract:Non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） is an important predictor of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The prevalence of NSSI in the global youth population is gradually increasing， and it is one of the common public health problems among adolescents. As a cognitive process and emotional regulation strategy， rumination is closely related to NSSI. High-level rumination can easily induce NSSI. This paper summarizes the related theories of adolescent NSSI and rumination， the influence of rumination on adolescents and intervention measures， to provide direction for early detection of adolescent NSSI and targeted intervention

Abstract:Obsessive-compulsive and impulsive symptoms have trans-diagnostic characteristics in phenomenology. Impulsivity is an important dimension of the pathological psychological mechanism of obsessivecompulsive disorder. An increasing number of studies suggest that impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder involves multiple neurocognitive functions， with complex pathological mechanisms and difficulties in clinical intervention. This paper reviews the theoretical models， biological mechanisms， psychological characteristics， and clinical interventions of impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder from a trans-diagnostic perspective， aiming to provide reference for further research and clinical practice.

Abstract:Non-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） among adolescents is one of the major global public health events， and effective intervention is of great significance. This paper reviews the specific and non-specific psychological interventions for NSSI in adolescents， with the aim of increasing the attention of medical and nursing staff to NSSI and providing reference for research in selecting appropriate intervention methods.

Abstract:Poststroke cognitive impairment （PSCI） and sleep disorders cognitive impairment are common complications of stroke and sleep disorders， both of which are closely associated with cognitive related brain network reconstruction. PSCI and sleep disorder cognitive impairment event-related potentials （ERP） are mainly characterized by prolonged latency and reduced amplitude of P300 components， indicating impaired attention，memory， and executive control functions. This article elaborates on the relationship among PSCI， sleep disorders cognitive impairment， and brain network reconstruction， as well as the characteristics of ERP， and explores the mechanisms and characteristics of PSCI and sleep disorders cognitive impairment at the level of brain network and nervous electrophysiology， aiming to intervene in PSCI and sleep disorders cognitive impairment and improve clinical outcomes. At present， there are few systematic reports on the relationship between cognitive impairment in stroke related sleep disorders （SSD） and brain network reconstruction， as well as the change characteristics of ERP. The simultaneous application of neuroimaging and nervous electrophysiology to explore the mechanisms and characteristics of SSD cognitive impairment in both temporal and spatial dimensions may be one of the future research hotspots.

Abstract:Bipolar disorder is a serious mental disorder， often characterized by circadian rhythm disorders， insomnia， excessive sleep， and other symptoms， and its occurrence and development are influenced by genetic factors. Sleep disorders manifest as circadian rhythm disorders， insomnia， and other symptoms， which are also related to genetics. The genetic mechanisms of bipolar disorder and sleep disorders overlap. This paper reviews the co-pathogenic genes of bipolar disorder and sleep disorders， looks back the genetic association between the two diseases， summarizes potential co-pathogenic genes， so as to provide new ideas for the occurrence， development， prevention， and treatment of diseases.

Abstract:Alexithymia refers to the difficulty and deficiency of individuals in emotional experience， recognition， and expression， and is one of the influencing factors of mental illness. Childhood trauma， early maladaptation schemas， and other psychosocial factors are closely related to the occurrence of alexithymia. This article reviews the relationship among childhood trauma， early maladaptation schemas， and alexithymia to deeply explore the mechanism of psychological factors in alexithymia and provide new directions for subsequent psychological treatment and intervention.

Abstract: